Aquatint - An etching technique in which
granulated resin or other substance is applied to a metal plate, heated, and
etched with acid. The resulting pitted surface yields a broad range of tonal
values that often resemble a watercolor or wash drawing.
Artist Proof or A/P - Common
practice is that 10 to 15 percent of an edition is reserved for the artist. In
addition to the regular numbered edition, the artist usually selects a specified
number of inventory for either his or her own uses, for a museum, or as the
artist chooses. These proofs may be designated as artist’s proofs (AP, or EP in
French and PA in Spanish.) Print marking example; A/P 1/100 is the first print of
an edition of 100 Artist Proof impressions. By art market standards Artist
Proofs usually rank higher in value to S/N's of an edition.
Certificate of Authenticity - A
document issued with limited edition prints, with the print publisher
information, title of the image, size of the image, reproduction media or
method, and number of the prints in the edition. Some artists include a
statement about the work or individual piece of art.
Collograph - An
intaglio print made from a plate of board on which three-dimensional objects
have been attached as in a collage.
Drypoint - A particular
kind of engraving technique in which a design is scratched or etched
heavily as possible into a fairly soft copper plate with a sharp
instrument. Various kinds of instruments have been used over the
years to achieve this effect. Soft, velvety type lines can be created by
the use of tools along with other various more subtle effects depending upon the
amount of pressure applied within the process.
Engraving - An
intaglio technique in which design is cut into a copper plate with a
cutting tool called burin. The final effect is said to be
"engraved". Social and wedding invitations are still often engraved though
it is a printing process which is higher in price most the time.
Etching - A
sharp needle is used to draw a design on a metal plate that has been coated with
an acid-resistant substance(ground). The plate is then put into an acid bath,
and the exposed parts are etched (eaten away), producing sunken lines. In
printing, the ink settles in the sunken areas and the plate is wiped clean.
After this process, the plate is covered with damp paper and passed through a
roller press, forcing the paper in the sunken area to receive the ink.
Giclee Print - A
fine art print that has become more precise with the advent of the revolutionary
printing process Giclee (ghee-clay) a French term meaning "spray of ink." In the
Giclee process, a fine stream of ink (more than four millions droplets per
second) is sprayed onto archival art paper or canvas. Each piece of paper or
canvas is carefully hand mounted onto a drum which rotates during printing. Exact calculation of hue, value and density direct the ink from four nozzles.
This produces a combination of 512 chromatic changes (with over three million
colors possible) of highly saturated, non-toxic water-based ink. Since no
screens are used in Giclee printing, the prints have a higher resolution than
lithographs and the dynamic color range is greater than serigraphs.
Hors de Commerce or H/C - Hors
de Commerce (Not for trade) traditionally were the graphics pulled with the
regular edition but marked by the artist for business use only. These graphics
were used for entering shows, exhibits, samples, etc. Today, however, since
people began to acquire and collect them, these graphics now generally find
their way to the market place through regular channels and are sold. Print
marking example; H/C 1/10
Limited Edition Prints or
L/E - A pre-determined number of identical prints of an image are produced from a master plate, stone, or other method, after which no more impressions are allowed. The edition size is the sum of all numbered pieces and proofs. The prints are then signed by the artist, sometimes titled,and sequentially numbered showing both
the print's number and the total edition size. Each print is referred to as a
"limited edition print". The original print plates are typically destroyed after
the production of the reproduction is completed.
Linocut - A
relief print made from a sheet of linoleum into which a design has been cut with
knives or burins. Similar to woodcut, the linoleum allows a greater variety and
range of effects because it can be worked more easily.
Lithograph - A
print produced by a printing process in which the artist draws, usually with
a waxy crayon, directly on a flat stone or specially prepared metal plate
(sheet zinc or aluminum). The stone or plate are treated to retain ink while the
non-image areas are treated to repel ink.
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